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Вариант 4
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3 лица единственного числа глагола Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. New York remains an important manufacturing centre.
2. The city growth began in 1624 with the arrival of Dutch families.
3. Immigrant groups began to arrive in New York in the 17th century.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. Broadway is the theatre district on the west side of Manhattan.
2. We have a large State library in our city.
3. The Empire State Building, a 102-story construction is one of the symbols of New York.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите на русский язык.
1. The more you study the more you know.
2. His answer today is better than 2 days ago.
3. This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

IV. Перепишите предложения и письменно переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. Have you got any interesting articles?
2. Come any time you like.
3. Some of my friends speak two foreign languages.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. New York is one of the youngest of the world’s great cities.
2. The population of New York counts more than 7 million people.
3. It received its first official name New Amsterdam in 1625.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В задании Б обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
А 1. Astronomers have measured the exact length of the day.
2. Astronomers find that the day is increased by 0,002 seconds each century.
Б 1. The machines are tested before use.
2. As a rule great discovery is generally followed by numerous others.

VII. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important.
2. Matter consists of one or a number of basic elements existing in nature.
3. While studying at the University I read a lot of scientific books.
4. When heated to a certain temperature this metal increases in volume.

VIII. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We can think of heat as a special form of kinetic energy.
2. A computer should solve complicated problems many millions of times faster than a mathematician.
3. New types of plastics had to be obtained for space technology.
4. To measure the temperature of gases, the scientists have to use special devices.

IX. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й и 7-й абзацы.
The First Russian Woman-Scientist (1850-1891)
The great Russian mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya lived and worked in the second half of the 19th century. ...
IX. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2-й и 7-й абзацы.
The First Russian Woman-Scientist (1850-1891)
The great Russian mathematician Sophia Kovalevskaya lived and worked in the second half of the 19th century. It was the period of Russia’s progress in science and culture. It was the time when Lobachevsky created a new non-Euclidean geometry and Chebyshev organized a new school of mathematicians.
Sophia was born in Moscow on February 15, 1850 in a well-off family but spent her childhood in a village. Her father, a well-educated person himself, gave a good education to his children. Being eight, Sophia was taught arithmetic, grammar, literature, geography and history by an experienced teacher. The girl showed an unusual gift in mathematics and at the age of twelve puzzled her teacher when she gave a new solution to a difficult unsolved problem.
In 1867 Sophia wanted to continue her studies in St. Petersburg, where her family spent winters. But it was impossible for a woman to attend lectures at the University. Even Chebyshev who at that time headed the Russian mathematical school had no right to allow her to attend his own lectures. The only way out for her was to go abroad, but in this case there was a condition that the woman should be married. Sophia married Vladimir Kovalevsky and soon left Russia.
Studying at Heidelberg University, Sophia attended lectures and did a lot of research and practical work, in 1871 the Kovalevskya went to Berlin. During four years in Berlin Sophia wrote her dissertations. In 1874 Hettingen University awarded her the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Having returned to Russia, she vainly tried to get a post at St. Petersburg University. The tsarist Government didn’t want to have woman-professors. Again S. Kovalevskaya returned to Berlin where she completed her work on the refraction of light in crystals.
In 1883 she accepted the offer of Stockholm University and was elected professor of mechanics and was at this post until her death in 1891.
In her numerous scientific works Kovalevskaya solved the problems which many scientists couldn't solve during many years. When she became a world-famous scientist, Kovalevskaya won recognition in her own country.
In 1889 she was elected a Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

X. Прочитайте 3-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
Was it possible for a woman to attend lectures at the University?
1. It was possible for a woman to attend lectures at the University.
2. It was impossible for a woman to attend lectures at the University.
3. The women had a right to attend lectures at the University.